IP Addressing Basics Explained (IPv4, Types & Examples – CCNA Day 4)

Introduction

Every device connected to a network needs an identity. This identity is called an IP Address.

Without IP addressing, devices cannot communicate on a network or the internet.

In this guide, you will learn:

• What is IP Address

• Types of IP Address

• IPv4 basics

• Public vs Private IP

• Real-life examples

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What is an IP Address?

An IP Address is a unique number assigned to each device in a network.

It works like a home address for devices.

Example:

👉 Your home address helps people find your house
👉 IP address helps data find your device

Example IP:

👉 192.168.1.1

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What is IPv4?

IPv4 is the most commonly used IP version.

It is written in this format:

👉 192.168.1.1

It has:

• 4 parts (octets)

• Each part ranges from 0 to 255

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Example of IPv4

• 192.168.1.1 → Router

• 192.168.1.10 → Mobile

• 192.168.1.20 → Laptop

👉 All devices in same network have similar IP range

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Types of IP Address

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1️⃣ Public IP Address

Assigned by ISP.

Used to access the internet.

Example:

👉 49.205.10.25 (given by ISP)

👉 When you browse Google, this IP is visible on internet.

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2️⃣ Private IP Address

Used inside local network (home/office).

Example:

👉 192.168.1.2 (your mobile)
👉 192.168.1.3 (your laptop)

👉 These IPs are not visible on internet.

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Public vs Private IP (Example)

Type	Example	Usage
Public IP	49.205.10.25	Internet
Private IP	192.168.1.2	Local Network

Real-Life Example:

• Your router gets Public IP from ISP

• Your mobile gets Private IP from router

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IP Address Classes (Simplified)

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Class A

Range:

1.0.0.0 – 126.0.0.0

👉 Used for large networks

Example:

👉 10.0.0.1

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Class B

Range:

128.0.0.0 – 191.255.0.0

👉 Medium networks

Example:

👉 172.16.0.1

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Class C (Most Common)

Range:

192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.0

👉 Small networks (home use)

Example:

👉 192.168.1.1

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Special IP Addresses

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1️⃣ Loopback Address

👉 127.0.0.1

Used to test your own system.

Example:

• Ping 127.0.0.1 → checks PC network working or not

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2️⃣ Broadcast Address

Used to send data to all devices in network.

Example:

👉 192.168.1.255

Sends message to all devices.

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Real-Life Example (Home Network)

In your home:

• Router IP → 192.168.1.1

• Mobile → 192.168.1.2

• Laptop → 192.168.1.3

All devices connect and communicate using IP addresses.

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How IP Works in FTTH

In FTTH:

• ONT gets IP from ISP

• Router distributes IP to devices

• Data travels using IP addressing

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Why IP Addressing is Important

It helps in:

✔ Device identification
✔ Data communication
✔ Internet access
✔ Network management

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Common Beginner Mistakes

❌ Same IP given to two devices
❌ Wrong IP configuration
❌ Confusing public and private IP

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Conclusion

IP Addressing is the foundation of networking.

By understanding:

• IPv4 format

• Public vs Private IP

• Address classes

you can easily understand how devices communicate in a network.

This is one of the most important topics in CCNA.

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